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黑田繼任者獲提名,日央行的“燙手山芋”不好接

Vantage 更新 Updated Thu, 2023 February 16 02:25
黑田繼任者獲提名,日央行的“燙手山芋”不好接

記得之前我們提到,日本央行行長黑田東彥將于2023年4月8日卸任行長一職。距離他卸任只有3個多月的時間了,2月14日,日本政府正式提名植田和男為下一任日本央行行長。同時,提名內田真一、冰見野良三為新的日本央行副行長。盡管這一提名還需要獲得國會兩院的批准,但考慮到執政聯盟眼下占有的絕對多數席位,相關提名獲批幾乎是板上釘釘的事。

植田是何許人也?他是日本代表性的金融政策研究者,1998年4月由東京大學教授轉任日本銀行審議委員,直到2005年4月卸任。上世紀90年代中後期日本經濟陷入通縮後,植田從理論層面為日本銀行推出零利率政策提供了支撐,也是最熟悉持續至今的量化寬松政策的人士之一。簡而言之,他和黑田的風格相似,都是鴿派的代表人物。植田于2月10日接受采訪時說:“日本銀行的現行政策是適當的,現階段有必要繼續維持量化寬松政策。”

此外,71歲的植田將成為首位經濟學家出身的日本央行行長。一直以來,日本銀行行長一職都由央行內部和財務省出身的官員擔任。因此,一開始日媒爆料岸田文雄考慮提名植田為下一任日央行行長時,市場紛紛稱其為最大冷門。

日央行下一任行長人選——植田和男

疫情暴發後的3年時間裏,由黑田東彥主導的超寬松貨幣政策雖然在克服通貨緊縮方面取得了一定的成功,但寬松貨幣政策帶來的市場功能下降和財政紀律放松等副作用也十分明顯。在去年的最後一次貨幣政策會議上,日本央行已宣布修改收益率曲線控制計劃(YCC),將收益率目標從正負0.25%上調至正負0.5%左右,以改善市場功能。未來如何在避免對日本經濟和金融市場造成沖擊的同時著手進行政策修正,將成為繼任行長面臨的巨大挑戰。

2022年12月,日本央行日本10年期國債利率的浮動範圍擴大至±0.5%。

當前,日本輸入型通脹和本國通脹率同時偏高。受日元大幅貶值和能源價格飙升影響,日本去年進口額為118.1573萬億日元,較2021年增長39.2%,首次突破100萬億日元。雖然出口額上漲至98.1860萬億日元,較2021年增長18.2%,但仍無法阻止貿易逆差進一步擴大至19.9713萬億日元,創下自1979年有可比數據以來新高。

今年隨著原材料價格回落,日本投資者信心開始恢複,勞動力市場相對偏緊,去年12月薪資增速創下近20年來高點,如果今年3月工會薪資談判超預期,那麽日本核心通脹上行風險不可忽視。國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)發布的日本經濟調查聲明也表示,日本通脹預測存在極高的不確定性,風險傾向于上行。

日本的通脹壓力主要來自于疫情和地緣影響

在實施了十年“史無前例”的超寬松貨幣政策之後,下一任日本央行行長必須迎接艱巨的挑戰,引導亞洲最發達的經濟體走向利率正常化。如果失敗了,後果可能是深遠的:通貨緊縮和經濟急劇放緩;全球股票、債券和貨幣市場動蕩,日本央行信譽崩潰。屆時美元兌日元會否延續2022年以來的強勁漲勢,還得看日本央行繼任者的“三把火”怎麽燒。在筆者看來,美元兌日元可能會在一段時間裏維持不規則的震蕩格局。

2023年02月16日 許曦揚

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