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初值,終值,修正值,哪個更重要?

Vantage 更新 Updated Fri, 2023 July 28 03:44
初值,終值,修正值,哪個更重要?

7月24日,也就是本周一,歐元區及歐洲各國,美國7月Markit制造業PMI初值紛紛出爐。總體來看,各國制造業PMI初值表現不甚理想。細心的小夥伴可能會注意到,除了制造業PMI初值之外,還有一項數據叫制造業PMI終值,其實不光是PMI,如GDP,耐用品訂單月率等指標也會有初值和終值之分。它們之間又是何種關系呢?

以PMI數據為例,PMI是采購經理人指數的簡稱,它是一個綜合指數,能夠反映經濟的變化趨勢,一般以50為榮枯分界線。PMI初值是根據每月采購經理人問卷反饋總樣本量的85%-90%為依據編制的。而PMI指數終值是在PMI指數初值公布後公布的數據,是根據全部采購經理人問卷反饋統計出來的最終結果,這個結果一般是指經過季節性或其他外部因素調整後的數據。那為何需要有初值和終值兩項數據呢?

首先,每月的采購經理人問卷是非常多的,統計起來非常費時費力,先公布一個初值方便數據使用的及時性,再公布終值,以保證數據的准確性。其次,美國ISM制造業及非制造業PMI報告分別于每月1號和3號發布,時間上大大超前于政府其他部門的統計報告,所選的指標又具有先導性,所以PMI已成為監測經濟運行的及時、可靠的先行指標。在PMI基礎之上發布的商務報告,是所有宏觀經濟序列數據中滯後期最短的報告之一。最後,PMI問卷調查直接針對采購與供應經理,取得的原始數據不做任何修改,直接匯總並采用科學方法統計、計算,保證了數據來源的真實性。同時進行季節性調整的終值,減少季節性波動、法規制度和法定假日等因素變化所造成的影響,可靠性往往更高。

美國ISM制造業PMI通常于每個月月初公布

除了初值和終值之外,還有一項修正值。修正值就是經過市場的證實之後得出的數值。比如中國GDP修正值,是國家統計局在開展經濟領域的普查,發現對GDP數據有較大影響的新的基礎資料,或計算方法及分類標准發生變化時,對GDP歷史數據進行修訂和發布。在作調整時,既會修訂GDP總量,也相應修訂增長速度。因此在關注初值,終值以及修正值時,我們應懂得分辨它們之間的區別,同時知道其中哪些數據更為重要和可靠。

2023年07月28日 許曦揚

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