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美國財報季:你應該知道的幾件事

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美國財報季:你應該知道的幾件事

美國財報季:你應該知道的幾件事

Vantage Updated Tue, 2023 November 7 01:28

對于參與全球最大股市的投資者來說,財報季是最備受關注的時期,大多數上市公司都會在這段時間公布季度業績,而這些業績結果將對股價波動影響巨大。

季度報表,正式名稱為 Form 10-Q,是市場監管機構——美國證券交易委員會(SEC)要求上市公司每三個月向股東和公衆發布的季度營運狀況報告。

在美國財報季期間,公司將披露關鍵信息,讓投資者更清楚地了解報告期內的業務狀況。這包括許多企業的關鍵指標,例如收入增長、毛利率、營業利潤率和對未來增長的指引。

財報季在什麽時候?

大部分的美國上市公司會遵循日曆年來設置會計年度,因此,公司的季度報表通常會在每一個季度結束後的兩個月內發布。

例如,遵循日曆年,以傳統1月至3月底為第一季度(Q1)的公司通常會在4月底至5月底的任何時間發布其季度報表。

不過,也有上市公司會自行定義公司的財政年(Fiscal Year)和財政季度(Fiscal Quarters),設置任意一個連續12個月為會計周期,以報告經營活動。

以 Zoom 為例,這家視頻會議公司以每年2月1日至次年1月31日設置為財政年,其2023財政年第一季度(Q1 FY2023)涵蓋截至 2022年4月30日為止的三個月。因此,該公司于今年5月下旬公布了該期間的季度報表。

財報季的重要性

財報季對投資者至關重要,原因有幾個。首先,它為投資者(和股票分析師)提供了分析和重新評估企業前景的機會。

如前所述,對相關股票的評估是基于財報披露的最新數據,但更重要的,還是管理層所提供的企業未來發展指引。這份指引涵蓋了管理層對公司未來的一些財務指標所做出的假設,從收入增長到營業利潤率,這些數字將是下個季度和整個財年的收入指引。有些企業甚至會發布更長期的3至5年的指引,以供投資者和股票分析師參考。這些財務數據和管理層指引都會直接影響股價波動。如果該指引不符合市場的期望,譬如太高或太低,股價將有可能面臨大幅波動。

財報季如何影響交易?

由于市場會對企業所發布的財報乃至指引作出反應,因此財報季是股市波動較大的時期。而且,企業一般會在市場交易時間以外,即盤前或盤後時段公布季度報表。股價的反應可能會受盤前和盤後交易較低的流動性影響而被放大,在短時間內被極速推升上漲或下跌。

trading during earning season

財報季值得關注的企業

在美股財報季來臨之際,投資者應留意高市值和高流動性的股票。因為這些股票具有更高的流動性,並獲得投行分析師的更多關注,意味著市場更傾向于關注這些股票的業績,投資者或有機會利用股價波動進行投機或套利。

這類型股票涵蓋了所有大型科技股,例如:

  • Microsoft 微軟
  • Apple 蘋果
  • Meta Platforms 臉書母公司
  • Alphabet 谷歌母公司
  • Amazon 亞馬遜
  • Nvidia 英偉達
  • Tesla 特斯拉

其他流動性高的大型藍籌科技股也將會引起市場的關注,其中包括 Salesforce.com、Adobe 和 ServiceNow 等。

在其他領域,摩根大通 JPMorgan Chase、強生 Johnson & Johnson、星巴克 Starbucks、家得寶 Home Depot 等大型藍籌股也是投資者可以關注的股票。

財報季是入場交易的好時機嗎?

管理層對企業未來的指引和宏觀經濟表現都將影響個股價格漲跌,而個股表現也會給大盤帶來很大波動。

總體而言,激烈的市場波動對短線交易型投資者來說是一個積極因素。

一家企業的財報表現也會影響同行業之間不同企業的股價表現。因此,在分析股票時,投資者需了解有哪些事件正在推動股價走勢變化。

如何利用差價合約在財報季賺錢?

交易者可以利用差價合約差價合約差价合约(CFD),在美股財報季中尋找獲利機會。這是因為通過使用差價合約,投資者能「做多」或「做空」股票。

最後,在財報季時,投資者謹記應專注于制定合適的交易計劃,以正確管理交易組合的風險水平。

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